除了上述将放射性粒子和抗癌药物与正常支架进行结合,制备具有一定的肿瘤细胞杀伤性的治疗型支架,还有一种目前研究比较集中的治疗方法,即将光动力治疗(Photodynamic therapy,PDT)与金属支架植入术相结合,利用PDT治疗肿瘤的新手段,以期延长支架的通畅时间和患者的生存时间。6,11在此方法中,是先将光敏剂分子静脉滴注于病人体中,之后对肿瘤组织进行特定波长的光照,组织吸收的光敏剂产生单线态氧杀伤肿瘤细胞,光照结束后再进行支架的置入。多项研究表明:相比于单纯的支架组,PDT联合组显著延长了中位支架通畅期和患者的中位生存期。12-14然而,目前PDT治疗肿瘤存在诸多限制,如光敏剂价格昂贵、光敏剂过敏、光敏剂体内代谢较慢、患者术后需要避光等。
除此之外,文献调研发现由牛血清白蛋白(Bovine serum albumin, BSA)经过相转变形成的纳米粒子会在气液或固液界面聚集成相转变薄膜(即PTB薄膜),该薄膜具有优异的抵抗污染物黏附的能力(包括蛋白质、细菌、真菌、细胞和血小板等)。19,20因此,项目申请团队拟在PDA表面修饰PTB薄膜,除了利用PTB优异的抗污性,它的修饰是否能够提升PDA在体的生物稳定性(PDA易降解)和光照稳定性呢?这也是非常值得研究的课题内容。目前,将新型的PTT治疗手段与金属支架相结合构筑功能型支架,治疗因肿瘤进展导致的恶性胆道梗阻,还有待研究者进行探究。
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